History and geography of the Byzantine Empire, the eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived for a thousand years after the western half had crumbled into various feudal kingdoms. It is usually described as having lasted between 681 and 1018, when it was subjugated by the Byzantine Empire despite Emperor Samuel's fierce resistance. The Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars were a series of conflicts fought between the Byzantines and Bulgarians, which began when the Bulgars first settled in the Balkan peninsula in the 5th century, and intensified with the expansion of the Bulgarian Empire to the southwest after 680 CE. After the 10th century the major source of slaves were often Slavs and Bulgars, which resulted from campaigns in the … Bulgar, member of a people known in eastern European history during the Middle Ages. A branch of this people was one of the primary three ethnic ancestors of modern Bulgarians (the other two were Thracians and Slavs). This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Usually, under the term “Bulgars”, we understand the smallest population group which took part in the establishment of the Bulgarian Empire. Then in the 9th century CE, the Bulgars made significant incursions into the northern areas of the Empire. A resurgence in Byzantine fortunes came with the (inappropriately named) Macedonian dynasty (867-1057 CE). Yet parents, living in the Byzantine empire, were forced to sell their children to pay their debts, which Byzantine laws unsuccessfully tried to prevent. Initially under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Bulgars were able to found their own empire in 681, when they were officially recognized by the Byzantines. Tervel of Bulgaria, son of Asparuh, was the Khan at the beginning of the 8th century. As long as the Bulgars remained unchecked, the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus I faced resentment from the people whose lands he was not protecting. Between 681 and 864 the country is also called by modern historians as the Bulgarian Khanate, or the Bulgar Khaganate, from the Turkic title of khan/khagan borne by its rulers. The Byzantine Empire was shaken to its foundations, though. The "New Rome" covered vast areas of South East Europe and flourished due to its rich trade location and its preservation of art and literature. “Bulgars” would be an incorrect ethnonym. Some historians use the terms Danube Bulgaria, First Bulgarian State, or First Bulgarian Tsardom (Empire).. In the 14th century the Ottoman Turks began to encroach on Byzantine territory, and the empire fell to them in 1453. The Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars. The Byzantine Empire was created due to the split of the Roman Empire, which led to its glory once the Western Roman Empire fell. When in 705 Asparukh’s successor, Tervel, helped restore Justinian II to the Byzantine imperial throne, he was rewarded with the title "Caesar." The 6th century also saw the beginning of a long series of conflicts with the Byzantine Empire's traditional early enemies, such as the Persians, Slavs and Bulgars. The minority Bulgars formed a close-knit ruling caste. The Bulgars … The First Bulgarian Empire became known simply as Bulgaria since its recognition by the Byzantine Empire in 681. Although many scholars, including linguists, had posited that the Bulgars were Theological crises, such as the question of Monophysitism, also dominated the empire.Justinian I had already probably exerted effective control under the reign of his predecessor, Justin I (518-527).

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